中國(guó)海水養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境質(zhì)量及其生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展

【Author】 LI Chun-hou,WANG Xue-feng,WANG Xiao-wei,LIN Lin(Key Lab.of Fishery Ecology Environment,Ministry;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

【機(jī)構(gòu)】 中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院南海水產(chǎn)研究所農(nóng)業(yè)部漁業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室； 中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院南海水產(chǎn)研究所農(nóng)業(yè)部漁業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室 廣東廣州510300； 廣東廣州510300；

【摘要】 海水養(yǎng)殖提供了大量水產(chǎn)品,創(chuàng)造了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,也緩解了對(duì)天然漁業(yè)資源的捕撈壓力。中國(guó)的海洋魚、貝類產(chǎn)量在20世紀(jì)90年代后大幅度增長(zhǎng),海水養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展取得令人矚目的成就,極大地提升了海洋漁業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位。然而,海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中,漁業(yè)水域環(huán)境惡化、養(yǎng)殖自身污染加劇、養(yǎng)殖品種種質(zhì)退化等問(wèn)題日益突出,水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖病害造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失越來(lái)越大。在此背景下,海水養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境的生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)得以不斷發(fā)展,在改善水質(zhì),促進(jìn)健康品種養(yǎng)殖方面展示了良好前景。分析研究海水養(yǎng)殖的現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題,總結(jié)生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展,對(duì)挖掘海水養(yǎng)殖潛力,推動(dòng)海水養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展,發(fā)展?jié)O區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì),增加漁民收入等都具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。為此針對(duì)我國(guó)海水養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀和問(wèn)題,結(jié)合生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)的進(jìn)展,對(duì)海水健康養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展構(gòu)想及對(duì)策進(jìn)行了探討。

【Abstract】 China has a long history in aquaculture.Mariculture provides not only nutritional and economic benefits,but also decrease intensity of exploitation on declining wild living resources.Production of marine fish and mollusc has been increasing sharply since 1990’s.As mariculture plays an important role in national economy,the rapid development and changes in mariculture species have aroused increasing concern about mariculture’s impact on coastal environment.The impact of coastal aquaculture,may include water quality deterioration and contaminants,self-pollution of mariculture,decrease of culture species’ which results in a significant bearing on the expansion of mariculture.Under the condition mentioned above,ecological rehabilitation technologies on mariculture also have made great progress and have promising future in improving water quality and advancing healthy aquaculture.So,it is imperative to study the status of mariculture and the development of ecological rehabilitation technologies,which are indispensable to develop sustainable aquaculture.The article studies the status of mariculture,combining the advances in ecological rehabilitation technology,and then discusses the developing prospects and countermeasures of how to make mariculture develop in a sustainable approach.

【關(guān)鍵詞】 中國(guó)； 海水養(yǎng)殖； 生態(tài)修復(fù)； 環(huán)境質(zhì)量； 進(jìn)展；

【Key words】 China； mariculture development； ecology rehabilitation； water quality； progress；

【基金】 廣東省重大科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2003B21501);珠海市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(BC200320016);廣州市農(nóng)業(yè)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目