北部灣生態通道模型的構建

【Author】 CHEN Zuozhi 1,2,3 , QIU Yongsong2, JIA Xiaoping2 ( 1South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou 510030, China; 2Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources of Agriculture Ministry, Qingdao 266071, China; 3College of Marine Science and Technology, Shanghai Fisheries University, Shanghai 200090, China).

【機構】 中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究所； 農業部海洋漁業資源可持續利用重點實驗室 青島266071； 上海水產大學海洋學院； 上海200090； 農業部海洋漁業資源可持續利用重點實驗室； 廣州510300； 青島266071；

【摘要】 根據1997年~1999年在北部灣進行的漁業資源和生態環境調查數據,利用EwE軟件構建北部灣生態系統的營養通道模型,模型由16個功能組構成,包括了哺乳動物和海鳥,每一組都代表在生態系統中具有相似地位的有機體,基本覆蓋了北部灣生態系統能量流動的主要過程.模型分析表明,北部灣生態系統的能量流動主要以捕食食物鏈途徑為主,其中無脊椎動物在能量從低級向高層次轉換中起關鍵作用.各功能組的營養級范圍為1.00~4.04,哺乳動物占據了最高營養層.生態網絡分析表明,系統的能量流動主要有6級,來自初級生產者的能流效率為12.2%,來自碎屑的轉換效率為12.3%,平均能量轉換效率為12.2%.模型估算的可利用的生物量密度為8.7t.km-2,生態系統的生物生產量只占系統凈初級生產力的1.81%.當前北部灣海洋生態系統處于不穩定狀態.

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation of fishery resources and eco-environment in the Beibu Gulf of northern South China Sea from October 1997 to May 1999, and with EwE software, a mass-balance ecopath model of Beibu Gulf ecosystem was constructed, which consisted of 16 functional groups (boxes) including marine mammals and seabirds, each representing the organisms with similar roles in the food web, and covered the main trophic flow in Beibu Gulf ecosystem. The food web in Beibu Gulf ecosystem was dominated by detrital path, and benthic invertebrate played a significant role in transferring energy from detritus to higher trophic levels. Phytoplankton was the primary producer, and the fractional trophic levels ranged from 1.00 to 4.04, with marine mammals occupying the highest trophic level. By using network analysis, the system network was mapped into a linear food chain, and six discrete trophic levels were found, with a mean transfer efficiency of 12.3% from detritus, and 12.2% from primary producer within the ecosystem. The biomass density of commercially utilized species estimated by the model was 8.7 t·km -2 , and the bioproduction only accounted for 1.81% of the net primary production, which indicated that the system was still in developing status and instable.

【關鍵詞】 生態通道模型； 北部灣生態系統； 生態網絡分析； 系統成熟度；

【Key words】 Ecopath model； Beibu Gulf ecosystem； Eco-network analysis； System maturity.；

【基金】 國家海洋局國家專屬經濟區和大陸架勘測專項(HY126-02-02-03);廣東省重大科技興海專項(20050125);農業部海洋漁業資源可持續利用重點開放實驗室開放基金資助項目(2005實開-04).